Uganda poised to join 50 top global oil producers

A deal this week has brought Uganda a step closer to becoming a significant oil producer, offering billions of dollars of fresh investment to develop newly discovered oil fields.
Italian energy giant Eni said last week it had agreed to buy a stake in two large oil exploration blocks in Uganda for up to $1.5 billion.

Uganda is likely to be a top - 50 oil producer by 2015 and on course for 100,000-150,000 bpd of oil in five years. However, waxy crude oil will require heated pipeline for transport, reports Reuters.

A deal this week has brought Uganda a step closer to becoming a significant oil producer, offering billions of dollars of fresh investment to develop newly discovered oil fields.
Italian energy giant Eni said last week it had agreed to buy a stake in two large oil exploration blocks in Uganda for up to $1.5 billion.

For a decade, exploration in the land-locked former British colony has been carried out by a handful of independent oil companies who have drilled a series of successful wells but who lack the large amounts of capital or expertise on their own to bring the local oil industry to its full potential.
The entry of Eni, an integrated oil company with enough cash to build pipelines, terminals and refining capacity, heralds an escalation of development, which analysts say is likely to make Uganda one of the top-50 oil producers by 2015.

“Eni has done its homework on Uganda and is very keen,” said Mr Thomas Pearmain, African energy analyst at IHS Global Insight. “To develop these resources is going to require multiple billions of dollars in investments, and Eni would not want access to Uganda’s oil if the prospects were not good.”

Scratching the surface
Oil was first discovered in the region in the 1920s in the Albertine Graben - the northern most part of the East Africa Rift system - and the first well was sunk in 1938. But World War Two and political instability in Uganda between 1940 and the 1980s meant there was limited exploration.
The search for hydrocarbons began in earnest in the 1990s after a return to political and economic stability following President Yoweri Museveni’s ascent to power.

Endowed country
Uganda now has nine exploration blocks from its northern border with Sudan through Lake Albert on the western border with the Democratic Republic of Congo and south to Lake George.
Exploratory wells have had remarkable success finding oil, especially around Lake Albert, where British independent explorer Tullow Oil has been drilling.
Tullow Vice President for Africa business Tim O’Hanlon says the company’s blocks in the country have the potential for reserves of over 2 billion barrels of oil and some analysts believe this could be a conservative estimate.

“They have just been scratching the surface so far,” said Pearmain. “Results have been very successful. All but one of 25 wells has found oil or gas - an amazing strike rate. And there is a lot of acreage that has not yet been touched.” Only about a third of Uganda’s licensed oil exploration areas have yet been explored and geologists see huge potential.

“Apart from the reserves discovered already, there is talk that Uganda is sitting on about another 6 billion barrels, on top of the 2 billion barrels already confirmed,” said one fund manager who invests in energy projects in Uganda. “Some of the investment community believes Uganda has the potential for much more substantial reserves than have already been discovered.

Conservative
The oil companies are being very conservative,” said the fund manager, who declined to be identified. Uganda has already attracted around $500 million in exploration investment but it will take billions more to bring on the oil fields already identified.

Eni, which is buying a 50 per cent interest in blocks 1 and 3A around Lake Albert from explorer Heritage Oil, is expected to build a pipeline eastwards from the lake, possibly to the Kenyan port of Mombasa, the nearest harbour 1,300 km away.

The costs will be high. The pipeline will need to be heated as the oil is waxy and the Ugandan government also wants a refinery to be built to feed growing local consumption that is now supplied by imports from Kenya.

Tullow is building specially designed and engineered rigs to drill in Lake Albert, also an enormously costly exercise. But the investment should pay dividends. Analysts see Uganda producing 100,000-150,000 barrels per day (bpd) by 2015, putting it on a par with some other African producers such as Chad.