Turning failure into business success

What you need to know:

Failing in a certain line of business does not mean it is the end, you can use it to lift yourself up.

On Oct 11, 1868, a young and ambitious telegrapher from northern Ohio applied for a patent for an invention, a gadget he called an electrographic vote-recorder, which he hoped would be used to tally votes cast by members of the House of Representatives.

Regrettably, the House declined to buy the recorder. But 21-year-old Thomas Alva Edison was unbowed by this failed business venture, and three months later he sold the rights to his next invention, a form of stock ticker known as a printing telegraph.

Edison was the quintessential American entrepreneur, committed not only to advancing technology -- even inventing new industries -- but also to securing ample profit for his labors. Yet for all his success, Edison embraced his role as a champion of failure.

For the man who held 1,093 patents--who changed the way Americans lived every bit as much as Bill Gates or Steve Jobs would a century later--failure was elemental to the process of innovation. “Results!” Edison once exclaimed, as recounted in Edison, His Life and Inventions by Frank Lewis Dyer and Thomas Commerford Martin. “Why, man, I have gotten a lot of results! I know several thousand things that won’t work.”
The intrinsic value of failure is a lesson that should not be lost on 21st-century entrepreneurs. Failure can teach not only what one is doing wrong, but also how to do it right the next time. It can be a useful, even transformational, force for better business practices. And it is best not to shove it under the rug, because it is, at some point, inevitable.

Willing to discuss
Once a taboo subject, failure is something business owners are now willing to discuss in polite company and even in organized arenas. There is FailCon, a global series of conferences at which tech movers and shakers share stories of their defeats (see “Falling upward,” page 36).

The Canada office of Engineers without Borders, which works on development projects in Africa, has spun off a venture called Admitting Failure, which encourages nongovernmental organisations to contribute stories of their own failures, so that all NGOs can learn from what has already been proved not to work.

There’s even an online magazine called Failure, which chronicles the foibles, frailties and general ineptitude of the human species, including a regular historical accounting titled “This Day in Failure.” “I thought there would be more of a fear of failure than there has been,” says Jason Zasky, the co-founder and editor.
“I think people at this point are more accepting of the fact that they’re going to fail at a personal level.” Among startup companies, too, failure is simply a way of life. According to the most recent figures from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, American businesses founded in 2003 had a 55.3 per cent five-year survival rate; for those founded in 2006, the number fell to 49.3 per cent. The 10-year survival rate for businesses founded in 1998 was 37 per cent.

For venture-backed companies, the failure rate is estimated by the National Venture Capital Association at 40 per cent. However, a study by Harvard Business School’s Shikhar Ghosh, as reported by The Wall Street Journal, indicates that the number of venture-capital-backed startups that do not return investors’ money is actually closer to 75 per cent.

Whatever the numbers, it is clear that failure has lessons to impart. Not least among them - as many of us were taught at a young age - is that you don’t know whether you’ll succeed if you don’t try.

The novelist J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter series, famously seized on the theme in her 2008 commencement address at Harvard, in which she celebrated what she called “the fringe benefits” of failure. “It is impossible to live without failing at something,” Rowling said, “unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all, in which case, you fail by default.”
“Oh my gosh - yes!” Tim Ogilvie says, when asked whether failure is more instructional than success. “It’s not even close.”
Ogilvie is CEO of Peer Insight, an innovation consultancy based in Washington, with Fortune 500 clients.