If you notice that your AC does not reach those refreshingly cool temperatures, have it inspected. Photo | File
With global warming, rising temperatures have become a significant concern worldwide. This intensifying heat has made air conditioning in vehicles more of a necessity than a luxury.
Whether your air conditioning system is blowing warm air, making strange noises, or not blowing air at all, AC issues can quickly turn any drive into an uncomfortable ordeal.
According to autobutler.com, a car air conditioning (AC) system is designed to cool the interior air of the vehicle by regulating the temperature, humidity, and air quality inside the cabin. A vehicle’s AC provides essential cooling during hot weather by removing heat from the interior and expelling it outside.
Advanced systems with enhanced air filters also remove contaminants from the air, while ACs help defog windows and windshields during humid or rainy conditions by reducing moisture levels that obstruct a driver’s view.
How it works
A car’s air conditioning system comprises various components that work together to function efficiently. These include the evaporator, compressor, fans, belts, and more.
At its core, the system cools the air inside the cabin using a refrigerant, a specialised fluid that changes from gas to liquid and back again. The system takes in warm air from inside the car, passes it over the evaporator where it cools down, and then blows the cooled air back into the cabin.
Like any other vehicle system, the AC is prone to wear and tear over time. Understanding the common problems that affect car ACs and knowing what steps to take can save both time and money.
Refrigerant leaks
One of the most common issues is refrigerant leaks. Refrigerant acts as the lifeblood of a car’s AC system, absorbing and transferring heat to cool the air. However, problems arise when the wrong type of refrigerant is used, or contaminants are introduced during servicing, disrupting the system's performance.
A refrigerant leak can cause the AC to blow warm air, leave oily residue around AC components, or produce a hissing sound when the AC is turned off. Regular maintenance is crucial to detect and address leaks early.
Maintaining the correct type and level of refrigerant ensures efficient operation and prevents unnecessary strain on components such as the compressor.
AC belt issues
Another issue lies with the AC belt. This rubber belt drives the air conditioning compressor, transferring power from the engine's crankshaft. Without a functioning belt, the compressor cannot circulate refrigerant, and the AC system will fail to cool the cabin.
Signs of a damaged belt include cracks, fraying, or a shiny appearance, as well as squealing noises when the AC is on, reduced engine performance, or a burning smell.
Regular inspections during routine maintenance can help detect these problems early. If damaged, the belt should be replaced immediately. AC belts typically last 30,000 to 40,000 miles, depending on usage. It is essential to have a professional handle the replacement to ensure the correct size and type of belt is used.
Compressor issues
Compressor issues are also common. The compressor circulates refrigerant throughout the system and regulates cabin temperature. Problems can occur due to lack of use, overuse, or defective components such as a damaged clutch. Symptoms of a failing compressor include warm air, unusual noises, and overheating. To keep the compressor in good condition, run your AC regularly, even in cooler months.
Electrical problems
The network of electrical components, including relays, fuses, sensors, and wiring, plays a crucial role in managing the power supply and ensuring the system works harmoniously.
Malfunctions can arise from short circuits, voltage drops, or corroded terminals. These issues might cause the AC to fail to turn on, deliver inconsistent cooling, or emit burning smells from the vents.
It is advisable to seek professional help for a thorough electrical diagnosis. This includes checking the fuse box, inspecting wiring for damage, and ensuring all components are functioning properly.
Blower motor issues
The blower motor is another critical component of the AC system. It powers the fan that pushes air through the vents, ensuring the desired airflow into the cabin. A faulty blower motor can result in weak airflow or no air at all. To extend its life, regular maintenance and cleaning are necessary. Checking for debris or obstructions and replacing the motor when damaged are essential steps to keep the AC working efficiently.
Clogged condenser
A clogged condenser can also affect the AC’s performance. The condenser cools the refrigerant by dissipating heat, but dirt, debris, or leaves can accumulate on its fins, restricting airflow and reducing efficiency. Regular inspections of the condenser for blockages or leaks, cleaning it with compressed air or water, and straightening bent fins can prevent such problems and ensure optimal performance.
Clogged cabin filter
The cabin air filter, responsible for trapping dust, dirt, and allergens, also plays a significant role in the system. Over time, the filter can become clogged, restricting airflow and reducing AC efficiency. Replacing the filter every 12,000 to 15,000 miles and using high-quality filters can effectively maintain airflow and trap contaminants.
Other causes
Other reasons why a vehicle’s AC might not work properly include dirty vents, sensor problems, broken expansion valves, and damaged head controls. Routine checks, such as inspecting belts, hoses, and connections for wear or leaks, are vital.
SIGNS YOUR CAR’S AC MAY NEED SERVICE
The most obvious sign of air conditioning woes is a lack of cold air, of course, but other clues point to problems, such as: •Unusual odours: An air conditioner that smells musty may indicate that your cabin air filter has gotten dirty or collected pollutants or even stagnant water. You may also have a problem with mould in your air vents or have bacteria growth, which can cause mildew odours. •Odd sounds: The only sound you should hear when running your air conditioner is the sound of air flowing through the vents. If you hear strange sounds, the cause could be a worn-out clutch in the compressor that is rattling or a worn-out pulley bearing in the compressor, which can grind or squeak. You may also have a failed compressor, which would need to be replaced. •Water inside your car: A properly functioning air conditioning system will drain water away from the vehicle. If you notice water pooling inside your car when your air conditioner is on, there could be any of several issues.---Source: www.brakemax.com
